Dual Language Learning Myths & Fears
Dual language learning is a can offer many benefits for children and families. However, misconceptions and fears surrounding it often lead to hesitations about embracing bilingualism or multilingualism. We are exploring some of the common myths to debunk them and addressing fears so that you can feel empowered to consider dual language learning confidently.
Keep in mind as you read - that dual language learning can refer to a variety of different combinations of types of communication and languages. These may include:
- Verbal communication + Sign Language
Verbal communication + Sign Language
2 Languages (Ex: English + Spanish)
Verbal communication + AAC Device
Verbal communication + Picture Symbols
Verbal + Written
Myth 1: Learning Two Languages Confuses Children
Reality: The human brain is incredibly capable of learning multiple languages, especially during early childhood. Children can distinguish between two languages from an early age. While they might mix languages occasionally (known as code-switching), this is a natural part of bilingual development rather than confusion. Over time, they learn to use languages appropriately in different contexts.
How to Address the Fear: Create consistent opportunities for exposure to both languages. For example, one parent might consistently speak one language while the other speaks a second language, or specific activities could be assigned to one language, such as bedtime stories in Spanish and meals in English. With use of multiple communication approaches (e.g., verbal + sign language) using both at the same time can enhance learning and communication.
Myth 2: Children Will Struggle Academically
Reality: Studies show that children who grow up bilingual often perform on par with, or even better than, their monolingual peers in academic settings. Bilingualism promotes cognitive flexibility, sharpens problem-solving skills, and enhances executive functioning. These children tend to excel in tasks that involve multitasking or adapting to new rules.
How to Address the Fear: To help your child succeed academically, nurture their primary language while gradually introducing a second. Activities such as storytelling, reading, and engaging play in both languages can provide a balanced and supportive learning environment.
Myth 3: It’s Too Late to Learn a Second Language
Reality: While early childhood is an optimal time for language acquisition due to the brain’s plasticity, people can successfully learn new languages at any age. Older children and even adults can achieve fluency with consistent practice and motivation.
How to Address the Fear: Use engaging methods like songs, games, or language-learning apps. Immersive experiences such as cultural events or community programs can also help older children embrace a new language.
Myth 4: Bilingualism Causes Speech Delays
Reality: There is no evidence that learning two languages causes speech delays. Bilingual children typically reach language milestones at the same pace as monolingual children. If a delay is present, it will likely affect all languages equally and is unrelated to bilingualism.
How to Address the Fear: If you have concerns about your child’s speech development, consult a speech-language pathologist who has expertise in bilingual development. They can help differentiate between a true delay and the natural progression of dual language learning.
Myth 5: Mixing Languages is a Sign of Failure
Reality: Mixing languages, or code-switching, is a normal and common part of bilingual development. It reflects a child’s ability to navigate between two linguistic systems and demonstrates growing proficiency in both.
How to Address the Fear: Celebrate your child’s efforts to communicate rather than discouraging mixing. As vocabulary and understanding grow, children naturally begin to separate languages.
Fear: Dual Language Learning is Overwhelming
Reality: While managing two languages may seem daunting, it doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Small, consistent efforts lead to significant results over time.
How to Address the Fear: Integrate language learning into everyday routines rather than treating it as an extra task. For instance, label household items in both languages, play bilingual games, or designate specific activities where you use that language.
As you can see it's clear that multiple language do not pose a threat to speech and language development, but that they actually can promote increased skills and abilities. For children that are exposed to multiple languages in their natural environments and their parents are concerned about their development their best course of action is to be seen by a bilingual therapist who can evaluate.